Caiaphas was the son-in-law of the high priest Ananus. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Z. Greenhut, "The Caiaphas Tomb in North Talpiyot, Jerusalem," in: H. Geva (ed. The latter is a looted, though authenticated artifact from the Valley of Elah, bearing the inscription: "Miriam daughter of Yeshua son of Caiapha, priest of Ma’azya from Beit Imri". Caiaphas is an unusual name, not found in any of the other 2,000 ossuaries recovered so far around Jerusalem from roughly the time of Christ. יהוסף בר קפא . The ornate ossuary, decorated with motifs of flowers and marked in Aramaic "Joseph son of Caiaphas," was found in a first century tomb in Jerusalem in 1990. This has led nearly all scholars to terminate that the bones of the elder man belonged to the famous Caiaphas, the soaring priest in Jerusalem at the point of Jesus' crucifixion. Historical sources indicate the influential priestly background of Joseph Caiaphas: he was the son-in-law of *Anan son of Seth, a member of a powerful and important priestly family in Jerusalem (John 18:13); the Mishnah (Par. Most scholars believe that the Caiaphas mentioned here is the same one that is mentioned six times in the New Testament as well as in Josephus. Joseph son of Caiaphas—most often referred to simply as Caiaphas—was the high priest in Jerusalem during the time of Jesus from 18 CE to 36 or 37 CE. The terms of Annas, Caiaphas, and the five brothers are: Ananus (or Annas) the son of Seth (6–15) Eleazar the son of Ananus (16–17) Caiaphas, properly called Joseph son of Caiaphas (18–36/37), who had married the daughter of Annas ; Jonathan the son of Ananus (spring 37) Theophilus ben Ananus (37–41) Matthias ben Ananus (43) Annas and Caiaphas may have sympathized with the Sadducees, a religious movement in Judaea that found most of its members among the wealthy Jewish elite. Josephus refers to Caiaphas as "Joseph who was called Caiaphas of the high priesthood" (Ant.XVIII.95). Since the original discovery, the identification with Caiaphas has been challenged by some scholars on various grounds, including the spelling of the inscription, the lack of any mention of Caiaphas's status as High Priest, the plainness of the tomb (although the ossuary itself is as ornate as might be expected from someone of his rank and family), and other reasons. It is assumed that this tomb belonged to the family of the High Priest Caiaphas. In 1990, the ossuary of high priest Caiaphas ben Joseph, who presided over the trial of Jesus, was discovered in Jerusalem. The Caiaphas family burial cave was discovered in southeastern Jerusalem. His name was Caiaphas, High Priest of Israel. On the outside of the box was an inscription in Aramaic: "Joseph son of Caiaphas". Josephus relates that "Joseph who was also called Caiaphas" was made high priest by the Procurator Valerius Gratus (18 A.D.) and that he was removed by the Procurator Vitellius (36 A.D.). His name features on one inscription reading "Joseph, son of Caiaphas" and two more reading "Yehosef bar Qafaya" and "Yehosef bar Qafa". CAIAPHAS, JOSEPH, high priest (18–36 C.E.) The Caiaphas tomb was found in 1990 when workers widening a residential road in Jerusalem stumbled upon it. Joseph was the nickname of the … 3. The inscription translates to “Joseph, son of Caiaphas”. This is the most elegant of the 12 ossuaries found inside. In 1990, a tomb was accidently discovered during a construction project, and subsequently excavated. Caiaphas is generally accepted, even by otherwise skeptical scholars, as an historical figure. The name “Joseph son of Caiaphas” is also found on an ossuary – or, bone box — found just outside the walls of first-century Jerusalem. The comparatively long eighteen-year tenure of Caiaphas suggests he had a good working relationship with the Roman authorities. "Joseph, son of Caiaphas… According to Josephus, the high priest who succeeded Annas was “Joseph Caiaphas” ( Antiquities , 18.2.2; 18.4.3). He was a strong opponent of Jesus and His message. Hence the ossuary labeled Joseph son of Caiaphas, now on display at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, is more likely to be the final resting place of the high priest, especially since this box, unlike the others found in the tomb, was ornately decorated with elaborate geometric motifs. Caiaphas was the high priest during the time of Jesus and was a member of the Sadducees. 2. This is the most elegant of the 12 ossuaries found inside. He played a key role in the trial and execution of Jesus Christ. Most scholars believe that the Caiaphas mentioned here is the same one that is mentioned six times in the New Testament as well as in Josephus. XVIII. [3], The chamber tomb was discovered by construction workers in November 1990. Josephus Eleazar the son of Ananus (16–17) Caiaphas, properly called Joseph son of Caiaphas (18–36/37), who had married the daughter of Annas ( John 18:13) Jonathan the son of Ananus (spring 37) Theophilus ben Ananus (37–41) Matthias ben Ananus (43) Ananus ben Ananus (63) Reed, Excavating Jesus: Beneath the Stones, Behind the Texts (2001), 283–287. Brandon, Jesusand the Zealots (1967), 67, 81; idem, Trial of Jesus of Nazareth (1968), index; J. Klausner, Jesus of Nazareth (1929), 162, 339–40; Smallwood, in: JTS, 13 (April 1962), 14–34; P. Winter, The Trial of Jesus (1964), 11–12. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: 1. But if Caiaphas is a surname like a last name, then we could have Joseph bar Eli/Heli, surnamed Caiaphas. In 1990, a tomb was accidently discovered during a construction project, and subsequently excavated. The Israel Antiquities Authority declared it authentic, and expressed regret that it couldn't be studied in situ. This particular ossuary bears the inscription: “Miriam daughter of Yeshua son of Caiaphas, priest of Maʹaziah from Beth ʹImri.” The Jewish high priest involved in Jesus’ trial and execution was Caiaphas. On the exterior were the words, ” Joseph, son of Caiaphas.” Caiaphas was apparently a family name, and according to Josephus, the high priest who succeeded Annas was “Joseph Caiaphas.” (Antiquities, 18.2.2; 18:.4.3). He is known chiefly for his involvement in the arrest of Jesus as described in the New Testament. His name features on one inscription reading "Joseph, son of Caiaphas" and two more reading "Yehosef bar Qafaya" and "Yehosef bar Qafa". at the time of Jesus' activity and crucifixion. The four cave niches contained twelve ossuaries, of which six had been disturbed by grave robbers. Joseph ben Caiaphas, better known as Caiaphas, is a biblical character from the New Testament. One of twelve ossuaries or bone boxes, discovered in a burial cave in south Jerusalem in November 1990, two of which featured the name "Caiaphas". At various times throughout Church history, a somewhat wacky idea of “the Jews killed Jesus” rears its ugly head, resulting in anti-Semitism. But in this tomb, the name shows up twice. Professor Meyer … Professor Meyer … I am Joseph of Arimathæa, who begged from Pilate the body of the Lord Jesus for burial, and who for this cause was kept close in prison by the murderous and God-fighting Jews, who also, keeping to the law, have by Moses himself become partakers in tribulation and having provoked their Lawgiver to anger, and not knowing that He was God, crucified Him and made Him manifest to those that knew God. Taking into account the relatively short time span these boxes were used, and the ornate carvings on the box itself, there is a very high probability that these are the bones of the Caiaphas mentioned in the Gospels. It has been suggested that it belonged to Joseph, son of Caiaphas, known as the High Priest of Israel Caiaphas in the New Testament. It was inscribed "Yehosef bar Qayafa" on the long side,[6] and "Yehosef bar Qafa" on the narrow side. It is not known how long Caiaphas lived after this point; 2 however, I believe that it is likely that he lived to witness at least the start of the Jewish War. Annas was deposed after the death of Augustus, but had five sons who served as high priest after him. He is known chiefly for his involvement in the arrest of Jesus as described in the New Testament. Caiaphas was mentioned by Josephus Flavius (Ant. Joseph son of Caiaphas—most often referred to simply as Caiaphas—was the high priest in Jerusalem during the time of Jesus from 18 CE to 36 or 37 CE. According to Josephus , he was appointed by the Roman governor of Judea , Valerius Gratus ( A.J . Before I continue about Joseph bar Caiaphas, the High Priest of Israel, I feel the need to issue a reminder/warning to the readers. Joseph son of Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest from 18–36 CE. Annas, the son of Seth was installed as high priest by Quirinius. Answer: Joseph Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest during the time of Jesus’ ministry and a few years afterwards. On the exterior were these words, “Joseph, son of Caiaphas,” or, as scholars suggest the meaning may be, “Joseph of the family of Caiaphas.” “Caiaphas” was apparently a family nickname. Ronny Reich argues that the person was named "Joseph" and had a nickname "Caiaphas." Annas was the first high priest appointed by Rome when Judaea was made a province in 6 CE; he himself occupied the high priesthood for nine years and was followed at various points prior to 70 CE by five of his sons, one grandson, and, of course, his son-in-law, Caiaphas. Joseph, son of Caiaphas *The name is actually scratched twice in these two different spellings. Caiaphas was mentioned in the New Testament (Matt. This beautifully decorated ossuary found in the ruins of Jerusalem, contained the bones of Caiaphas, the first century AD. This particular ossuary was elaborately decorated suggesting it belonged to an important person. He served in office throughout the administration of Gratus' successor, *Pontius Pilate (26–36), and was deposed the same year as Pilate by Vitellius, governor of Syria. What reasons did the ancient Judeans have for "secondary burial" in ossuaries (bone boxes)? This particular ossuary bears the inscription: “Miriam daughter of Yeshua son of Caiaphas, priest of Ma′aziah from Beth ′Imri.” The Jewish high priest involved in Jesus’ trial and execution was Caiaphas. Ossuary of Caiaphas Did this ossuary contain the bones of Caiaphas, high priest during the time of Jesus? It should be distinguished from the less ornate Miriam ossuary, which came to light in June 2011. Two nails were found in an ossuary in the tomb, but were soon misplaced. Until that discovery, there had been no independent archeological discovery of any … According to Josephus, Caiaphas was appointed in AD 18 by the Roman prefect who preceded Pontius Pilate, Valerius Gratus. Through marriage he became son-in-law to Annas who had been high priest from 6-15 AD and was an influential eminence-grise in the Sanhedrin. Among the bones found inside the box were those of a sixty-year-old man. How would one go about authenticating such an ossuary and inscription? Sources: Encyclopaedia Judaica. 2. The historian Josephus also identifies “Joseph Caiaphas” as the Jewish high priest from 18 to 36 AD (Jewish Antiquities 18:35). In 1990 a rockhewn burial chamber was uncovered by Z. Greenhut to the south of Jerusalem and within it was a stone box containing bones (ossuary) bearing the Aramaic inscription "Yehosef bar (son of) Qafa (Caiapha)." 1:10) mentions the House of Kaipha as a high-priestly family. The burial was typical of the Second Temple period (516 BCE and 70 CE) in Jerusalem, and one of many in the Jerusalem necropolis which may be encountered as far south as the Arab village of Sur Baher.[4]. On the exterior were these words, “Joseph, son of Caiaphas,” or, as scholars suggest the meaning may be, “Joseph of the family of Caiaphas.” “Caiaphas” was apparently a family nickname. 5 and 6) and contained the partial skeletal “remains of six individuals, including a male c. 60 years old” (Zias 1992: 78-79). high priest during the time of Jesus. The name “Joseph son of Caiaphas” is also found on an ossuary – or, bone box — found just outside the walls of first-century Jerusalem. ), Ancient Jerusalem Revealed (1994), 223–225; D. Flusser, "Caiaphas in the New Testament," Atiqot, 21 (1992): 81–87; W. Horbury, "The 'Caiaphas' Ossuaries and Joseph Caiaphas," Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 126 (1994), 32–48; J.D. Annas, father-in-law of Caiaphas (John 18:13), had been high-priest from AD 6 to 15, and continued to exercise a significant influence over Jewish affairs. Based on it, Caiaphas can be assigned to the priestly course of Ma’aziah, instituted by king David. [4] The workers' superintendent reported it to the Israel Antiquities Authority after the tomb's roof was opened by a bulldozer, to reveal the rock-hewn loculi burial cave. 3. The Aramaic inscription on this side reads "Joseph the 'son' of Caiaphas." In the New Testament, the gospel writers name the high priest just "Caiaphas", without a first name. An Aramaic inscription on the side reads "Joseph son of Caiaphas." Answer: Joseph Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest during the time of Jesus’ ministry and a few years afterwards. What reasons did the ancient Judeans have for "secondary burial" in ossuaries (bone boxes)? This identification is disputed. 3:5) speaks of a high priest named Elioeneiai (*Elionaeus) b. ha-Kayyaf (ha-Kof), who may have been a son of Joseph Caiaphas; and the Tosefta (Yev. [7] According to The New York Times and a number of Biblical scholars, if authentic and attributable to high priest Caiaphas, the ossuary is an important confirmation of the New Testament account, and facilitates understanding of the historical Jesus. Crossan and J.L. According to the Canonical gospels, Caiaphas was the major antagonist of Jesus. The historian Josephus also identifies “Joseph Caiaphas” as the Jewish high priest from 18 to 36 AD (Jewish Antiquities 18:35). The ossuary measures 37 centimeters high (14.6 inches) and 75 centimeters long (29.6 inches) and is currently is located in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. At that moment, Caiaphas had served some 12 years in office, having succeeded his brother-in-law Eleazar ben Ananus, one of Annas’s five sons to become high priest. [1], The Caiaphas ossuary is a highly decorated ossuary twice inscribed "Joseph, son of Caiaphas" which held the bones of a 60-year-old male. Joseph, son of Caiaphas, commonly known as "Caiaphas" in the New Testament, was the Roman-appointed Jewish high priest of the Jerusalem temple from 18 to 36 C.E. It contained a dozen ossuaries, one which was marked with “Qayafa,” and another marked with “Yehosef Bar Qayafa” (or “Joseph son of Caiaphas”) in Aramaic. . A. Edersheim, Life and Times of Jesus, 1 (18862), 242, 262–3; 2 (18863), 326, 546, 549–61; S.G.F. Josephus identifies the high priest at the time of Jesus as "Joseph Caiaphas". At various times throughout Church history, a somewhat wacky idea of “the Jews killed Jesus” rears its ugly head, resulting in anti-Semitism. The Bone Box (ossuary) Caiaphas was discovered in 1990 by chance during earth work on a hill south of the old city of Jerusalem.Twelve bone boxes (Ossuaries) were founded in the burial cave. Josephus Eleazar the son of Ananus (16–17) Caiaphas, properly called Joseph son of Caiaphas (18–36/37), who had married the daughter of Annas ( John 18:13) Jonathan the son of Ananus (spring 37) Theophilus ben Ananus (37–41) Matthias ben Ananus (43) Ananus ben Ananus (63) Caiaphas … In fact, Caiaphas had succeeded Eleazar ben Ananus, one of Annas’s five sons and his brother-in-law. The Caiaphas ossuary is a highly decorated ossuary twice inscribed "Joseph, son of Caiaphas" which held the bones of a 60-year-old male. Among the bones found inside the box were those of a sixty-year-old man. Indeed, Josephus called the first century soaring priest "Joseph Caiaphas". Five of Annas’s sons, the most notable being Eleazar, and his son-in-law, Joseph Caiaphas, succeeded Annas in the office of high priest. All Rights Reserved. The limestone ossuary measures c. 37 cm (15 in) high by 75 cm (30 in) long and is housed in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem.[2]. XVIII. Son-in-law to Ananus Ben Seth (a former High Priest), Caiaphas … ), Ancient Jerusalem Revealed (1994), 219–222; R. Reich, "Ossuary Inscriptions of the Caiaphas Family from Jerusalem," in: H. Geva (ed. 18:35:95) and in the New Testament (Matt. Joseph ben Caiaphas (c. 14 BC – c. 46 AD), known simply as Caiaphas (Hebrew: יוֹסֵף בַּר קַיָּפָא Yōsēf bar Qayyāfāʾ; Greek: Καϊάφας) in the New Testament, was the Jewish high priest who, according to the gospels, organized a plot to kill Jesus.He famously presided over the Sanhedrin trial of Jesus. But most scholars have taken ‘Yehosef bar Qayafa’ in the so-called Caiaphas tomb to mean not that this Joseph was the son of Caiaphas the high priest, but that he belonged to the family of Caiaphas (or, less likely, that ‘bar Qayafa’ is a nickname). Of these high priests mentioned, the most prominent was Caiaphas, who appears as Joseph, son of Caiaphas (18–36/37), and as someone who had married Annas’s daughter (John 18:13). He was a strong opponent of Jesus and His message. Eleazar, son of Boethus (4-3 BC) Simon Cantheras, son of Boethus (41-42 AD) Elioneus, son of Simon Cantheras (43-44 AD) Joshua, son of Gamaliel (64 AD), whose wife Martha belonged to the house; The House of Ananus. Caiaphas served as high priest from A.D. 18 to around A.D. 36 when he was deposed by the proconsul Vitellius (Antiquities 18.95). Annas was deposed, but had five sons who served as high priest after him. One, very ornate was inscribed, in two places, “Joseph son of Caiaphas”. Besides the detailed etching, there were traces of bright orange paint. He is known chiefly for his involvement in the arrest of Jesus as described in the New Testament. It is not known how long Caiaphas lived after this point; 2 however, I believe that it is likely that he lived to witness at least the start of the Jewish War. Taking into account the relatively short time span these boxes were used, and the ornate carvings on the box itself, there is a very high probability that these are the bones of the Caiaphas mentioned in the Gospels. Josephus says the high priest was called ‘Joseph surnamed Caiaphas.’ Talpiot, Jerusalem 1st century CE Joseph son of Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest from 18–36 CE. The limestone ossuary measures c. 37 cm (15 in) high by 75 cm (30 in) long and is housed in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Question: "Who was Caiaphas in the Bible?" יהוסף בר קפא . Caiaphas was the son-in-law of the high priest Ananus. The Caiaphas ossuary is one of twelve ossuaries or bone boxes, discovered in a burial cave in south Jerusalem in November 1990, two of which featured the name "Caiaphas". The Caiaphas family burial cave was discovered in southeastern Jerusalem. [8][9][10] More generally, the contents of the burial cave increase knowledge of ossuary inscriptions and burial customs of the Second Temple period.[4]. Caiaphas was the son-in-law of Annas, the high priest. The Caiaphas Ossuary. Historical sources indicate the influential priestly background of Joseph Caiaphas: he was the son-in-law of *Anan son of Seth, a member of a powerful and important priestly family in Jerusalem (John 18:13); the Mishnah (Par. Caiaphas was the high priest during the time of Jesus and was a member of the Sadducees. Joseph Caiaphas was born into a wealthy Jewish Sadducee family. University of Minnesota, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas_ossuary&oldid=1012309842, Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century, Burial monuments and structures in Israel, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 March 2021, at 18:05. 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